Small, foraging sparrow with a rufous cap. Common in much of North America in warmer months; prefers open woodland, grassy areas, roadsides, and parks, as well as feeders. In spring and summer shows a rufous cap, streaked brown back, clean gray underparts, wing bars and complete black eyeline; in winter colors become more subdued. Often seen in flocks after breeding season, and their small stature may make them hidden when ambling through even short grasses. Primarily a seedeater; eats insects in summer. Nests in low bush or tree. Lifespan up to 11 years. Population ~ 230 million and stable.